Heart risks rise in young adults. Notably, those in their 30s face danger. Initially, heart issues hit only elders. Now, doctors see a big shift. Consequently, damage starts slowly and silently. Indeed, artery damage begins very early. Thus, you must act right now.

Lifestyle as a Top Cause

Look, modern habits hurt the heart. Specifically, many people eat too much salt. Initially, junk food leads to weight gain. Now, high sugar levels also harm. Furthermore, most adults sit too long. Actually, long desk hours weaken you. Indeed, lack of movement raises risk.

Stress as a Hidden Factor

Additionally, stress is a silent killer. Specifically, work keeps the body tense. Notably, chronic stress releases bad hormones. Initially, these chemicals spike in blood. Then, they raise your blood pressure. Consequently, inflammation strains your heart. Thus, mental health is very vital.

Simple Ways to Protect You

While risks are high, you can act. Specifically, early care saves your life. Initially, skip junk and eat greens. Furthermore, move for 30 minutes daily. Notably, walking or yoga helps much. Indeed, sleep is a key factor. Therefore, get eight hours of rest.

The Need for Early Care

Finally, do not skip your tests. Notably, high pressure has no signs. Initially, you may feel very fit. However, early tests prevent future issues. Actually, doctors suggest quick blood checks. In short, know your sugar levels. Next, I can help more. Right.

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So a big warning has been issued for parents. A new study shows that too much screen time harms a child’s heart. The goal of this research is to prove that gaming and scrolling can lead to real health issues. In fact, every extra hour of screen use raises the risk of heart and sugar problems. Plus, the study found that a lack of sleep makes these risks even worse for kids.

What the Researchers Found

But here is the main point of the study. Scientists tracked over 1,000 children and found a “biological mark” of screen use in their blood. Is it just about being lazy? No. Consequently, each hour of use raised heart risks by a clear amount. Moreover, sleep plays a massive role as a shield. Previously, we thought exercise was the only way to stay healthy. So, we now know that sleep helps fix the damage done by screens. Therefore, a child who stays up late to play games faces a double threat.

Why This Matters for Families

Still, many parents struggle to limit phone use today. The plan for most homes often includes screens during dinner or right before bed. And, the blue light from these devices stops the body from feeling sleepy. Accordingly, this can lead to heart changes even in kids who look fit.

How to Protect Your Child

But how can you fix this at home? First, you should set a daily limit of two hours for fun screen use. Why? Because less use helps the heart stay in a healthy rhythm. Essentially, you should make the dining table a “no-phone zone.” Indeed, turning off screens an hour before bed helps the brain rest.

Then there is the power of setting a good example. The reason kids stay on phones is that they see their parents do it too. Worth noting: Simple games like skipping rope or board games can replace digital time. Ultimately, small changes today will keep your child’s heart strong for years to come.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is school-related screen time just as bad? So, this study focused on leisure time like gaming. Because of this, you should try to cut out the fun apps before worrying about school work.

How does sleep help the heart? In fact, sleep helps the body control sugar and heal the heart. Additionally, it keeps stress levels low during the day.

Can my child just exercise more to fix the risk? But no, exercise cannot fully undo the harm of sitting for too long. Consequently, you must focus on both moving more and sitting less.

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So Holi 2026 is finally here on March 4, and the streets are full of vibrant gulal. While the festival brings endless fun and laughter, the aftermath can be a real struggle. The goal? To get that stubborn “pakka rang” off your body without hurting your skin. In fact, harsh scrubbing or strong chemicals can lead to rashes and dryness. Plus, you can use simple items from your kitchen to glow again.

The Magic of an Oil Massage

But here is the most vital step you should take before your shower. You should massage your skin with coconut, olive, or almond oil. Is it better than soap? Yes. Consequently, the oil loosens the synthetic dyes and makes them slide right off. Moreover, you should leave the oil on for at least 20 minutes. Previously, people tried to scrub dry skin, which only caused pain. So, use a soft cloth to wipe the color away gently. Therefore, your skin stays soft and safe.

Natural Home Remedies for Stains (2026)

Deep Cleaning Your Hair and Nails

Still, colors often cling to your hair and scalp for days. The plan? To apply warm oil and leave it overnight if you can. And, you must use a mild shampoo followed by a deep mask the next day. Accordingly, this stops your hair from becoming brittle or dry.

But don’t forget your nails, as color loves to hide under the cuticles. You should soak your hands in warm water for a few minutes. Why? Because it softens the paint so a soft brush can whisk it away. Essentially, applying cuticle oil afterward will restore the lost moisture. Indeed, these small steps make a huge difference in how you look the next morning.

Final Pre-Holi Checklist

Then there is the matter of protection before you even step out. You should wear full-sleeved clothes to keep the color off your skin. The reason? It acts as a physical wall against the chemicals. Worth noting: A quick layer of oil on your hair will also stop the “pakka rang” from soaking in. Ultimately, using these gentle home remedies ensures a happy and healthy Holi for everyone.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can I use lemon juice on my face to remove color? So, you can, but only if you mix it with honey. Because of this, the honey soothes the skin while the lemon bleaches the stain. Always do a patch test first if you have sensitive skin.

Is it okay to use a face wash multiple times? In fact, no. Washing too much with harsh soap will strip your natural oils. Additionally, it can make any chemical rashes feel much worse.

How do I get color out of my blonde or light hair? But you must be extra careful. Use a heavy coat of oil before playing. Consequently, the color will sit on the oil rather than staining the hair shaft itself.

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So a major shield for India’s daughters has arrived today, February 28, 2026. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the nationwide Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination drive from Ajmer. The goal? To stop cervical cancer before it even starts. In fact, this move will make young girls across the country much stronger. Plus, the vaccine will be free for all eligible girls at government centers.

The Power of the Single-Shot Vaccine

But here is how the medicine actually works. The drive uses the Gardasil 4 vaccine. Is it hard to get? No. It is a single-shot dose that fights four types of HPV. Specifically, it protects against types 16 and 18, which cause most cancer cases. Consequently, it also stops types 6 and 11, which cause other health issues.

Moreover, the state plans to reach 1.15 crore girls every single year. Previously, this vaccine was very costly in private clinics. So this new plan brings world-class health care to the poorest homes. Therefore, it is a landmark step for public health in India.

HPV Vaccination Campaign: Key Details (2026)

Why the Age of 14 is the Magic Number

Still, many parents ask why the age of 14 is so vital. Doctors say the vaccine works best before a person meets the virus. The plan? To build “long-lasting immunity” early in life. And studies show that one shot at this age gives strong protection for many years. Accordingly, this age group sees the highest benefit from the medicine.

But safety is also a top priority for the state. Every session will have a trained doctor and a cold chain point to keep the shots fresh. Why? To manage any rare side effects right away. Essentially, the centers are linked to big hospitals for 24/7 support. Indeed, India now joins 160 other nations that use this life-saving tool.

How to Get the Vaccine

Then there is the matter of where to go. You can find the shots at Primary Health Centres (Ayushman Arogya Mandirs) and District Hospitals. The reason? To make sure every village has access. The drive will run in “mission mode” for three months.

Worth noting: The vaccine is voluntary and needs a parent’s signature. If you miss the three-month window, don’t worry. The shots will stay part of the routine health days later on. Ultimately, this plan aims to wipe out cervical cancer for the next generation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is the HPV vaccine safe for my daughter? So the answer is a big yes. It has been tested in over 160 countries for many years. Because of this, global health groups like the WHO fully back its use to save lives.

Does my daughter need a second dose? In fact, this specific campaign uses a high-tech single-shot version. Additionally, this makes it easier for families to finish the treatment without coming back to the clinic.

Can boys also get the HPV vaccine? But for now, the government drive only targets girls to stop cervical cancer. Consequently, if you want it for boys, you may need to visit a private doctor for advice.

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So the state is finally stepping up for road safety. The PM RAHAT scheme offers a lifeline for crash victims. The goal? Fast care. In fact, Prime Minister Modi just gave the green light for this rollout. Plus, the plan aims to save lives during the “golden hour.”

Cashless Limits and Coverage

But here is the main part of the deal. Every crash victim gets up to ₹1.5 lakh for care. Is it long-term? No. The coverage lasts for seven days from the date of the crash. Consequently, families don’t have to pay cash up front.

Moreover, the rules cover all types of roads. It does not matter if the crash happens on a highway or a city street. Previously, gaps in help were common. So the state now offers a safety net for everyone. Therefore, doctors can start work right away.

Summary of PM RAHAT Scheme Benefits

How the Payouts Work

Still, people worry about who pays the bill. The Motor Vehicle Accident Fund (MVAF) handles the cash. The source? Insurance firms pay for insured cars. And for hit-and-runs? The state uses its own budget for those. Accordingly, hospitals get paid in under ten days.

But checking the facts is key. Police must log the crash in a new digital system first. Why? To stop fraud. Plus, the health agency must approve every claim. Essentially, the tech tracks every rupee from start to finish.

Tech and Grievance Rules

Then there is the tech side. The eDAR platform links directly with the health portal. The link? Seamless. And this helps banks move money with no delays. Indeed, it keeps the whole system honest and fast.

Worth noting: You can fight a rejected claim. Each district has a special officer for this task. They work under the District Collector to fix errors. So if the hospital says no, you have a place to turn. Ultimately, the state wants no victim left behind.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the PM RAHAT scheme? So it is a new plan for cashless care after road crashes. Because of this, victims get up to ₹1.5 lakh for medical bills without paying a deposit.

How long does the PM RAHAT coverage last? In fact, the scheme covers the first seven days of hospital stays. Additionally, it offers extra help for life-threatening cases for up to 48 hours.

Who pays for hit-and-run claims under PM RAHAT? But the state pays these directly. Consequently, the government uses a special fund to cover victims when the car has no insurance.

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Your morning habits set the tone for your entire day. Recently, many people have turned to ancient rituals for better health. Specifically, eating soaked raisins is a simple but powerful practice. Therefore, adding this to your routine can boost your energy and mood.

9 Impressive Benefits of Soaked Raisins

First, these tiny fruits are packed with vital minerals and vitamins. Specifically, soaking them makes these nutrients easier for your body to use.

1. Improves Digestion: They act as a very gentle and natural laxative. Specifically, the fiber softens and helps relieve bloating or constipation.

2. Energy Boost: They contain natural sugars like glucose and fructose. Then, you get a quick energy hit without a sugar crash.

3. Rich in Antioxidants: These help fight stress and protect your cells. In fact, they may lower the risk of chronic health issues.

4. Natural Detoxification: Bioflavonoids in raisins help your liver flush out toxins. Therefore, it is a great way to cleanse your system.

5. Weight Management: The fiber helps you feel full for much longer. In fact, it can curb your cravings for unhealthy snacks later.

6. Healthy Skin: Vitamins and antioxidants help fight signs of early aging. Specifically, they can give your skin a natural, healthy glow.

7. Bone Health: Raisins contain calcium and the rare trace mineral boron. Therefore, they help keep your bones and joints strong.

8. Prevents Anaemia: They are very high in iron and copper. In fact, eating them daily can help raise your hemoglobin levels.

9. Heart Health: Potassium helps balance the sodium levels in your body. Therefore, it helps regulate your blood pressure naturally.

How to Prepare Soaked Raisins Correctly

First, take about 8 to 10 raisins and rinse them well. Specifically, this removes any dust or impurities from the surface. Then, place them in a clean glass of drinking water. In fact, you should let them soak for at least 8 hours. Finally, eat the raisins and drink the water on an empty stomach.

Why Soaking is Better Than Eating Dry

First, dry raisins can be hard for some people to digest. Specifically, soaking them increases the “bioavailability” of the minerals inside. Then, the water carries some of the nutrients as well. In fact, soaking reduces the “heat” of the fruit as per Ayurveda. Therefore, it is much gentler on your stomach in the morning.

Nutrient Profile of 10 Soaked Raisins

Reality Check

Reality Check: Many influencers claim soaked raisins can “cure” major diseases. Still, they are just a healthy supplement, not a medical miracle. In 2025, doctors warned that overeating raisins can lead to weight gain. Therefore, you must stick to the 8-10 limit per day. Meanwhile, the sugar content is still high for people with diabetes. Yet, they remain a far better choice than processed breakfast cereals.

The Loopholes

The Loopholes: Most store-bought raisins are treated with sulfur dioxide for color. In fact, this chemical can cause issues for people with asthma. Also, organic raisins are safer but much more expensive. Therefore, always wash them several times before you soak them.

What This Means for You

Recently, people have become more aware of gut health and immunity. Now, soaked raisins offer a low-cost way to improve both daily. First, try this ritual for at least two weeks. Then, notice if your digestion feels lighter or more regular. Next, watch your skin for any changes in clarity or glow. Indeed, small steps lead to big changes in your wellness.

Next Steps

Buy a pack of organic black raisins to start your journey tonight. Then, look for our guide on adding soaked almonds to this morning mix. Would you like me to find a list of other dry fruits you can soak?

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A new outbreak of the Nipah virus in West Bengal has put several countries on high alert. First, you should know that this virus is very dangerous and has no cure. Because it can spread quickly, airports in Thailand, Nepal, and Taiwan have started new health checks. Consequently, travelers from India now face extra screening to stop the virus from crossing borders.

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Airport Checks and Travel Warnings

To begin with, Thailand has set up thermal scanners at three major airports. Specifically, officials are checking every person arriving from Kolkata for high fever. Similarly, Nepal has placed health desks at its borders and at the Kathmandu airport. Furthermore, Taiwan wants to label the virus as a “Category 5” threat. This means they can act fast to isolate anyone who might be sick.

What is the Nipah Virus?

Basically, this virus jumps from animals to humans. For instance, fruit bats and pigs are the most common carriers. In addition, you can catch it by eating food that has bat saliva on it. Unfortunately, the death rate is very high, ranging from 40% to 75%. Since there is no vaccine, doctors can only help with the symptoms while the body fights back.

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Symptoms to Watch For

If you have been near the affected area, watch your health closely. Initially, you might feel like you have the flu. For example, you may have a fever, a headache, or a sore throat. However, the sickness can get worse very fast. Then, it can cause brain swelling or breathing problems. Therefore, you must see a doctor immediately if you feel unwell after traveling.

How to Stay Safe

Luckily, you can take simple steps to protect yourself. First, always wash your fruits very well before eating them. Second, do not eat any fruit that looks like a bird or bat bit it. Third, stay away from raw date palm juice, as bats often touch it. Finally, wash your hands with soap many times a day. By doing this, you can stay safe during this health crisis.

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Strokes are often called “brain attacks” because they occur when blood flow to the brain is suddenly interrupted, depriving cells of vital oxygen. According to the CDC, a stroke occurs in the U.S. every 40 seconds.

While the statistics are sobering, medical advancements are shifting toward a new era of precision prevention. By understanding your specific risk profile and monitoring your health data, you can significantly lower your chances of experiencing a life-altering event.

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1. Types of Stroke: Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic

About 90% of all strokes fall into the Ischemic category, but both types require immediate emergency care.

• Ischemic Stroke: Occurs when a blood clot or plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) blocks an artery leading to the brain.

• Hemorrhagic Stroke: Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures, causing blood to pool and put pressure on brain tissue.

• TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack): Often called a “mini-stroke,” this is a temporary blockage. While it doesn’t cause permanent damage, it is a major warning sign that a full stroke may be imminent.

2. “Life’s Essential 8”: The Gold Standard for Prevention

The American Heart Association identifies eight key areas, divided into Health Behaviors and Health Factors, that act as the foundation for stroke prevention.

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3. The Power of Self-Monitoring

As Dr. Jason Hinman of UCLA Health notes, the “next frontier” of stroke medicine involves individualized risk prediction.

• Wearables & Apps: Smartwatches and tracking apps allow you to gather thousands of data points on your heart rate, sleep quality, and activity levels.

• A “Truer Picture”: Sharing this ongoing data with your doctor provides a much more accurate view of your health than a once-a-year checkup, allowing for more precise adjustments to your treatment plan.

4. Act FAST: Recognizing the Warning Signs

When a stroke occurs, “Time is Brain.” Every minute of delay can result in the loss of millions of neurons. Use the BE FAST acronym to identify symptoms:

• B – Balance: Sudden loss of balance or coordination.

• E – Eyes: Sudden blurred or double vision, or loss of sight.

• F – Face: Does one side of the face droop when smiling?

• A – Arms: Does one arm drift downward when both are raised?

• S – Speech: Is speech slurred or strange? Can they repeat a simple sentence?

• T – Time: Call 911 (or local emergency services) immediately….

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The research, which tracked over 195,000 adults, proves that adding just 5 minutes of walking or a few minutes of extra sleep can slash your death risk by up to 10%. If you’ve been a “couch potato” or a desk-bound worker, this is your ultimate “golden opportunity” to reset your health without a lifestyle overhaul.

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The “Lifespan Math”: Tiny Changes, Massive Gains

The study tracked adults across Norway, Sweden, the US, and the UK over eight years. The results “flip the script” on traditional health advice:

• +5 Minutes of Walking: Associated with a 10% reduction in all-cause mortality for average adults.

• +10 Minutes of Activity: Slashes death risk by 15%.

• -1 Hour of Sitting: Leads to a 13% drop in death risk.

• The “Triple Win” Formula: Adding 5 mins of sleep + 2 mins of brisk walking + ½ serving of veggies can theoretically add 1 full year to your life.

Why “Micro-Habits” Beat Heroic Workouts

The study found that for those with the unhealthiest habits (bottom 5% of activity), combined small tweaks are 5x more effective than focusing on just one thing. For example, to gain a year of life through sleep alone, you’d need 25 extra minutes—but if you add a tiny bit of walking and veggies, you only need 5 minutes of sleep to reach the same goal.

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5 Lazy Ways to Add Years to Your Life (Starting Today)

Dr. Shifalika Goenka, a leading public health expert, emphasizes that “small moves matter” especially for those in urban environments like Delhi or Mumbai.

1. The Phone Walk: Always stand or walk around the room during mobile calls.

2. The “One-Veggie” Rule: Add just half a cup of extra greens to your dinner plate.

3. The Far-Park Trick: Park your car 5 minutes away from your office entrance.

4. Snooze for Success: Go to bed just 5 minutes earlier tonight.

5. Stair Power: Take the stairs for just two floors instead of the lift.

The “Couch Potato” Advantage

Interestingly, the least active 20% of the population saw the most “outsized” benefits. If you currently do zero exercise, these 5-minute changes will impact your longevity more than they would a marathon runner. It is never too late to start…

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For decades, the humble dhaniya (coriander) was the ultimate Indian “freebie”—a handful of leafy greens tossed into a carry-bag as a courtesy by local vegetable vendors. Fast forward to 2025, and consumer data from Handpickd, India’s first zero-stock fresh commerce startup, reveals a startling flip: Coriander is now the most ordered vegetable in urban India, dethroning heavyweights like onions and potatoes.

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1. The “Top-Up” Culture: Freshness Over Storage

The surge in coriander orders isn’t just about a love for garnish; it reflects a massive shift in how Indians shop.

• No More “Pantry Loading”: In 2025, urban consumers moved away from buying bulk veggies for the week. Instead, they adopted “top-up” behavior—ordering exactly what they need, minutes before cooking.

• The Death of Rotting Greens: Coriander wilts fast. By ordering it fresh daily via apps, consumers ensure they get that “just-picked” aroma without wasting half a bunch in the fridge crisper.

2. The Dhania-Mirchi Power Couple

The data highlights the iconic status of the “Dhania-Mirchi” (Coriander-Chilli) combo, which is the backbone of the Indian kitchen.

• 24,000+ Orders: This specific pairing was one of the most frequently reordered SKUs of the year.

• Kitchen Extension: Apps are no longer seen as digital warehouses but as an “extension of the fridge,” where small, high-frequency essentials are delivered instantly.

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3. Emerging 2025 Food Trends

Coriander wasn’t the only star of 2025. The Handpickd report sheds light on other evolving tastes:

4. City Spotlight: Gurugram Leads the Pack

When it comes to fresh-food tech adoption, one city stands far above the rest. Gurugram recorded 590,149 orders in 2025—nearly five times the volume of Noida or Bengaluru. This reflects the city’s high density of working professionals who rely on micro-delivery for daily cooking needs.

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A groundbreaking study published in Nature Medicine (January 2026) has revealed that India faces the world’s second-highest economic burden due to diabetes, estimated at a staggering $11.4 trillion between 2020 and 2050. This massive financial drain is surpassed only by the United States ($16.5 trillion) and is followed closely by China ($11 trillion).

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The research highlights a “silent epidemic” where the financial impact isn’t just in hospital bills, but in the lost productivity of families and caregivers.

1. The “Invisible” Burden: Informal Caregiving

The study introduces a critical metric: Informal Care Loss. While direct medical costs are significant, they are dwarfed by the cost of unpaid care provided by family members.

• Global Impact: Without informal care, the global cost of diabetes is ~$10 trillion (0.2% of global GDP).

• The Reality: When you factor in family care, that number sky-rockets to $152 trillion (1.7% of global GDP).

• Why it Matters: In India, nearly 90% of the total economic burden is attributed to informal care. Caregivers—often women or children—frequently drop out of the workforce or reduce work hours, leading to a massive “hidden tax” on the economy.

2. Comparing Global Economic Giants

The drivers of these astronomical costs vary significantly by region:

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Key Distinction: In high-income countries, medical treatment accounts for 41% of the burden. In low-to-middle-income countries like India, it is only 14%, reflecting a tragic lack of access to affordable treatment, which leads to higher disability and mortality.

3. Diabetes vs. Other Major Diseases (2020–2050)

The economic devastation of diabetes is significantly higher than other “feared” conditions because it is a chronic, lifelong disease that rarely kills quickly but often disables.

• Diabetes (with care): $78.8 Trillion (Global Baseline)

• Cancer (All 29 types): $25.2 Trillion

• Alzheimer’s & Dementia: $14.5 Trillion

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4. Call to Action: Prevention over Treatment

Researchers emphasize that because treatment is often inaccessible or expensive in India, prevention is the only sustainable economic strategy.

• Screening: Implementation of population-wide screening to catch pre-diabetes.

• Lifestyle: Promoting regular physical activity and balanced diets to reduce dependency on long-term care.

• Early Detection: Rapid diagnosis to prevent complications like kidney failure, blindness, and heart disease that trigger the need for intensive informal care.

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The “₹72 per Stick” Controversy: Reality Check

Social media has been flooded with claims that a single cigarette costing ₹18 will soon jump to ₹72 (a 400% increase).

• The Math: While the bill raises the excise duty ceiling to ₹11,000 per 1,000 sticks (up from the previous ₹735), analysts clarify that the ₹72 figure represents the “maximum possible” impact on premium, long-filter brands.

• Variable Impact: The price hike will be brand-dependent. Economy-segment cigarettes are expected to see a sharper percentage increase, whereas premium brands may absorb a portion of the tax to remain competitive.

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New Excise Duty Structure (Dec 2025)

Why the Sudden Hike?

The government’s primary objective is to replace the GST Compensation Cess, which is set to expire once the Centre finishes repaying the loans taken to compensate states during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Fiscal Space: By moving the tax from a “cess” (which is temporary) to “excise duty” (which is permanent), the Centre gains independent power to adjust tobacco rates without needing immediate GST Council approval.

• WHO Benchmark: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman noted that India’s total tax incidence on cigarettes is currently 53%, still below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 75%. This bill aims to bridge that gap.

Reaction: “Vape Culture” vs. Quitting

The announcement has triggered a wave of reactions across social platforms like Reddit and X (formerly Twitter):

• The “Quitter” Perspective: Some smokers have welcomed the move, stating the high cost might finally force them to kick the habit.

• The “Vape” Fear: Many users predict a massive shift toward vaping and e-cigarettes, despite existing bans.

• The “Delhi Air” Joke: A popular meme suggests that residents of Delhi, already breathing “severely poor” air, won’t be bothered by the price hike as the air is already “free smoking.”

• Counterfeit Risks: Industry experts warn that extreme price hikes often lead to an increase in illegal, smuggled, and unregulated tobacco products, which pose even greater health risks.

Conclusion

The Central Excise (Amendment) Act, 2025, is now notified, and price changes at the retail level are expected to roll out starting January 2026. For many, “budgeting for a smoke” will soon become as complex as tax planning.

Also Read: Career Horoscopes 2025: Zodiac Insights for Workplace Success

Disclaimer: Prices mentioned are estimates based on the new excise duty slabs. Actual retail prices (MRP) are determined by manufacturers and may include additional state taxes and retailer margins.

The post ₹21 for One Stick? India’s New Tobacco Tax Hits Wallets Feb 1 (2026 Updated) first appeared on Rightsofemployees.com.

No Safe Limit for Alcohol Consumption

The study, published in BMJ Global Health, indicates that even low daily intake—just 9 grams or roughly one standard drink—is linked to a 50% heightened risk of mouth cancer. Specifically, consuming just two grams of alcohol from beer daily was associated with a 59% higher risk compared to non-drinkers. Researchers emphasize that the “safe limit” is a myth, as any amount of ethanol can alter the mouth’s inner lining and increase its vulnerability to carcinogens.

Also Read | Duplicate Voter ID Card Guide 2026: Apply & Download Online

The Deadly Synergy: Alcohol and Tobacco

The findings underscore a “more than additive” danger when alcohol is combined with tobacco chewing. While tobacco alone triples the risk and alcohol alone increases it by 76%, the combination leads to a staggering 346% increased risk. This synergy accounts for 62% of all buccal mucosa cancer cases in India. Consequently, health experts are calling for urgent public awareness and stricter alcohol control policies to combat this preventable disease.

Impact of Locally Brewed Alcohol – Key Figures

Also Read | Duplicate Voter ID Card Guide 2026: Apply & Download Online

Risk Variation Across Indian States

The burden of alcohol-related oral cancer varies significantly across the country. In states like Meghalaya, Assam, and Madhya Pradesh, over 14% of buccal mucosa cancers are linked to alcohol. In contrast, states with alcohol bans, such as Gujarat, show a much lower attributable risk. Experts point out that unregulated local drinks often contain toxic contaminants like methanol, which further spikes mortality rates.

Also Read: [5 Major Changes for Central Govt Employees in 2025]

Conclusion and Disclaimer

The Tata Memorial Centre study provides clear evidence that avoiding both alcohol and tobacco is the most effective way to eliminate mouth cancer. As survival rates remain poor due to late diagnosis, prevention through lifestyle changes is critical.

Disclaimer: This report summarizes medical research findings published in December 2025. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized medical advice and screening for oral health…

Also Read | Duplicate Voter ID Card Guide 2026: Apply & Download Online

The post TMC Study Warns: Even Small Amounts of Alcohol Increase Mouth Cancer Risk (2025) first appeared on Rightsofemployees.com.

Also Read | Get Your Voter ID Card in 15 Days: Online step-by-step Guide

These are those tiny particles from traffic and bushfires that lead to asthma and even cancer. Researchers tested this on mice and lab-grown human tissues, and the results were a total game-changer.

Vitamin C didn’t just help; it basically protected the cells’ “power stations”—the mitochondria—from being wiped out. And then the inflammation levels dropped too. Let’s be real, a cheap supplement doing this much work is a massive win, or nothing.

Here’s the kicker: PM2.5 particles are so small they can slip past your natural defenses and go straight into your bloodstream. But Vitamin C acts like a cellular bodyguard. It stops “oxidative stress”—which is basically a chemical attack on your cells—before it can do permanent damage.

The lead researcher, Brian Oliver, says this is the first real hope for a low-cost treatment for a global crisis. Specifically, the study showed that even at low pollution levels, the kind we see in most developed cities, your lung cells are constantly being degraded. And then Vitamin C steps in to stop the rot.

Also Read | Get Your Voter ID Card in 15 Days: Online step-by-step Guide

However, don’t just start chugging orange juice yet. The scientists are being very careful with the details. Specifically, the doses they used were “high”—the equivalent of about 1 gram (1,000mg) a day for a human.

That’s way more than the usual 75–90mg you get from food. Oliver warns that you need to talk to a GP before you go overboard. You don’t want to accidentally overdose on other stuff hidden in those over-the-counter bottles. Plus, while the lab results are huge, they still need to prove it works exactly the same in living, breathing humans.

The situation is ongoing as researchers push for more clinical trials. Specifically, they are looking at how this can help high-risk people who live near major highways or in fire-prone areas.

For now, the takeaway is simple: keeping your Vitamin C levels at the “highest permitted dose” might just be the shield you need. Let’s be real, since there’s technically no “safe” level of air pollution, we need all the help we can get. Specifically, the findings provide a rare bit of good news in an otherwise smoggy forecast…

Also Read | Get Your Voter ID Card in 15 Days: Online step-by-step Guide

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• Identify the Enemy: Primary vs. Secondary Headaches

• The Headache Journal: Tracking Your Triggers Like a Pro

• Dietary Landmines: Common Foods That Fuel Head Pain

• Natural Relief: From Fresh Air to Magnesium Supplements

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  Also Read | Home Loan Rate Cuts: Banks Slash Interest Rates Following RBI Repo Cut

Preventing a headache isn’t just about reaching for an aspirin. The thing is, it’s more about playing detective with your own lifestyle.

Actually, neurologists split these pains into two groups. Primary headaches come from your environment—like stress or bright lights. Specifically, secondary headaches are symptoms of something else, like whiplash.

As a result, knowing your triggers is the only way to stay pain-free. Consequently, if you keep ignoring the “why,” the “how to fix it” will never work (let’s be real, a pill is just a bandage).

And here’s the kicker. You might be giving yourself headaches at the gym. In fact, many people notice pain after a workout session.

Also Read | Home Loan Rate Cuts: Banks Slash Interest Rates Following RBI Repo Cut

Basically, you need to ask: Am I dehydrated? Am I overdoing the cardio? Instead of pushing through the pain, try keeping a “Headache Journal.” And then Y followed. You’ll start to see patterns you never noticed before (those too).

• Watch the Plate: Processed meats, chocolate, and even avocados can trigger a migraine. Actually, MSG and aspartame are major culprits.

• Caffeine Watch: Skipping your morning brew? Specifically, you’re likely hitting caffeine withdrawal.

• Hydration is Key: Many headaches are just your brain screaming for water. In fact, it’s the easiest fix.

• The “Tension Walk”: If it’s a tension headache, fresh air and a brisk walk often kill the pain. Basically, movement clears the toxins.

Also Read | Home Loan Rate Cuts: Banks Slash Interest Rates Following RBI Repo Cut

Moreover, what you don’t do is just as important as what you do. Specifically, don’t overmedicate.

Actually, taking too many pills leads to “rebound headaches.” As a result, you get stuck in a loop of constant pain. Consequently, looking into alternative therapies like Magnesium Glycinate or Coenzyme Q10 is a smarter move for long-term prevention.

The thing is, your brain needs a break from the 24/7 grind. In fact, stress and poor work-life balance are the biggest triggers for nagging discomfort.

Basically, you need to slow down. Instead of a tidy wrap-up, try practicing deep breathing for just five minutes today. And then Y followed. You might find that the “peacefulness” is better than any medication…

Also Read | Home Loan Rate Cuts: Banks Slash Interest Rates Following RBI Repo Cut

End. . .

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• Stay Indoors: Why Early Morning Walks are More Harmful Now

• The Mask Debate: AIIMS Experts Warn N95s Aren’t a Total Shield

• Diet as Defense: Fighting Pollutants with Vitamin C and Herbal Remedies

• High-Risk Groups: Special Precautions for Heart and Respiratory Patients

Also Read | NPS Exit Rules 2025: Lower Annuity and Higher Lump Sum for Subscribers

Delhi is basically breathing through a thick, toxic blanket right now. The thing is, major pollutants across the region have crossed the “Severe” mark, prompting experts to issue urgent warnings.

Actually, it’s not just about the haze. Specifically, doctors from AIIMS and Apollo are seeing a massive surge in patients with chest tightness and sore throats.

As a result, many residents are scrambling for air purifiers and masks. Consequently, AIIMS Director Randeep Guleria has warned that while N95 masks help, they aren’t a “magic fix” in conditions this deadly (let’s be real, you can’t just mask your way out of this).

Also Read | NPS Exit Rules 2025: Lower Annuity and Higher Lump Sum for Subscribers

And here’s the kicker. Your healthy morning routine might actually be killing you. In fact, experts say you should strictly avoid early morning or late evening walks.

Basically, exercise makes you breathe faster, which means you inhale more toxins. Instead of going for that jog, stay inside. And then Y followed. Even if you’re at home, keep the windows shut and avoid outdoor barbeques or open-air functions.

• Dietary Boost: Load up on Vitamin C. Actually, fruits like lemons, papayas, and kiwis help your body fight airborne toxins.

• Herbal Support: Use tulsi, neem, and haldi (turmeric) daily. Specifically, taking steam with eucalyptus oil in the evening helps clear your air passages.

• Avoid Junk Food: Oily and fatty foods add metabolic stress. Basically, your body needs to focus on fighting the smog, not digesting heavy fats.

• Stay Covered: If you must go out, ensure your nose, mouth, eyes, and ears are fully covered.

Also Read | NPS Exit Rules 2025: Lower Annuity and Higher Lump Sum for Subscribers

Moreover, this smog isn’t just a lung issue. Specifically, cardiologists are warning that these pollutants can enter your bloodstream and trigger heart attacks or strokes.

Actually, the American Heart Association has long linked air pollution to cardiovascular mortality. As a result, heart patients need to be twice as careful. Consequently, keeping your inhalers and prescribed medicines handy is non-negotiable (those too).

The thing is, schools have already been ordered shut, but even indoors, the air isn’t perfectly safe. In fact, experts suggest using air purifiers with HEPA filters and cleaning them every 10-15 days.

Basically, the situation is a “silent public health emergency.” Instead of a tidy wrap-up, remember that this smog can facilitate the spread of viral infections along with chemical irritation. And then Y followed. The health impact of this week might show up years down the line.

Also Read | NPS Exit Rules 2025: Lower Annuity and Higher Lump Sum for Subscribers

End. . .

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• The “Perfect Storm”: Why Festive Fun Strains the Heart

• Holiday Heart Syndrome (HHS): Binge Drinking’s Dangerous Side Effect

• Beyond Alcohol: The Hidden Impact of Salt and Stress

• Protect Your Heart: Science-Backed Tips for a Safe New Year

Let’s be real—nobody wants to think about the ER while they’re reaching for another drink at a New Year’s bash. The thing is, cardiologists like Doctors are seeing a worrying surge in young adults with heart issues this month. Specifically, it’s a phenomenon called Holiday Heart Syndrome (HHS).

Consequently, people under 45, who usually think they’re invincible, are ending up in emergency rooms with sudden blood pressure spikes and scary palpitations.

Late-night partying and binge drinking became the norm for the season.

The heart’s electrical system got completely disrupted.Actually, the thing is, even a single night of heavy drinking can trigger Atrial Fibrillation (AFib).

Therefore, that “fluttering” feeling in your chest after a few too many cocktails isn’t just a hangover—it’s often a sign of cardiac chaos.

Also Read | DRDO Recruitment 2025: 764 Posts Open for STA-B and Tech-A; Apply Before Jan 1

But wait, there’s more. It isn’t just the booze that’s the problem. For instance, party snacks and restaurant meals are usually loaded with sodium.

Moreover, the World Health Organization recommends less than 2,300 mg of salt a day, but most people smash through that limit in one sitting. As a result, your body retains water, your blood volume increases, and your heart has to pump twice as hard to keep up.

And here’s the kicker. This festive strain can unmask “silent” heart conditions you didn’t even know you had. Furthermore, stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline spike during late nights and social obligations, making the situation even worse.

Nevertheless, you don’t have to skip the fun entirely. Basically, the goal is moderation—alternate your drinks with water and make sure you’re actually getting some sleep between parties.

In short, the “Christmas Coronary Effect” is real, but it’s avoidable. Instead of a tidy wrap-up, just remember: your heart doesn’t take a holiday just because the calendar says it’s party time. So, listen to your body and don’t ignore a racing pulse just to keep the celebration going…..

Also Read | DRDO Recruitment 2025: 764 Posts Open for STA-B and Tech-A; Apply Before Jan 1

Disclaimer: This article reports on “Holiday Heart Syndrome” based on recent medical warnings from Doctors and data from the American Heart Association. While festive celebrations are common, sudden cardiac symptoms like palpitations or chest pain are medical emergencies. Please consult a healthcare professional immediately if you feel unwell.

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I. How Many Times Can You Use the Card?

Let’s be real—this is where the scheme is most powerful.

• No Limit on Usage: The government has not set a limit on the number of times you can get free treatment in a year. The benefit is not capped by the number of visits or hospitalizations.

• The Limit is Financial: The only cap is the total financial cover. Each eligible family receives a health cover of up to ₹5,00,000 annually. You can use this amount through multiple hospitalizations until the ₹5 lakh limit for that year is exhausted. The limit resets every year.

II. Who is Eligible and Who is Covered?

The entire family unit is covered by the single limit.

• Family Coverage: The ₹5 lakh treatment facility is not limited only to the person in whose name the card is issued. The entire eligible family is covered under that single ₹5 lakh annual limit.

• Eligibility Check: The Ayushman Bharat Yojana (PM-JAY) generally covers families identified as economically weaker based on the SECC (Socio-Economic Caste Census) 2011 data and existing Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) beneficiaries.

  • New Inclusion: The scheme now specifically includes elderly people aged 70 years and above, expanding the scope of assistance.

III. What the Ayushman Card Is

It’s the ticket to cashless treatment.

• The scheme was launched to provide assistance to economically weaker families, eliminating the financial burden of high medical costs.

• With the card, you can receive treatment that is free or cashless in all government and private hospitals that are associated with the PM-JAY scheme.

If you are unsure about your eligibility, the best next step is to use the official PM-JAY website or helpline to check your name against the SECC database.

Also read |EPFO UAN Guide: Delink Incorrect Member ID in 7 Steps

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Also read |Expert 5 Tips to Manage Senior Blood Sugar: Fibre, Water, Sleep.

Long-term exposure? Studies show that’s a direct route to heart attacks, strokes, and hypertension. The body is under siege from inflammation and oxidative stress.

Here are the six immediate, field-tested steps he advises you take right now:

1. The Non-Negotiable Basics (Protection First)

• Mask Up: Wear an N95 mask every single time you step outside. Surgical masks won’t cut it.

• Stay Indoors: Children and the elderly must be kept inside as much as possible. This is a hazardous day.

• Purify: Use an air purifier, especially at night. Give your lungs a chance to recover.

• Stop Outdoor Exercise: Absolutely avoid any outdoor workouts.

• Hydrate: Stay well hydrated.

Also read |Expert 5 Tips to Manage Senior Blood Sugar: Fibre, Water, Sleep.

2. Target the Internal Fight (Supplements)

Pollution triggers deep inflammation. Fight it with targeted supplements, or nothing. He recommends boosting intake of these specific anti-oxidants and compounds:

• The Power Duo: Vitamin C and Vitamin E (powerful anti-oxidants).

• The Others: Curcumin (from turmeric), Quercetin, Beta-carotene, Sulforaphane, B-complex vitamins, and Vitamin D.

• Boosters: Increase your intake of Omega-3 fatty acids and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on high pollution days.

3. Pollution-Fighting Food

You can build a natural defense wall. Prioritize foods that help your body mitigate the effects of the toxins:

• Lemon

• Turmeric

• Spinach

• Grapes

• Avocados

• Nuts

• Pomegranate

• Kiwis

4. Fix Your Indoor Air

Don’t assume your home is safe. It often isn’t.

• Plants: Introduce natural purifiers: Snake plants, spider plants, money plant, aloe vera, and rubber plants.

• Humidify: Use a humidifier, especially if oxygen support is needed for anyone inside.

• Filter & Vent: Invest in a quality HEPA-filter air purifier. Only ventilate (open windows) strategically, and only when the outdoor AQI is demonstrably lower.

5. Things to AVOID (Worsening the Problem)

These indoor activities make the toxic air worse. Stop them.

• No lighting candles or incense.

• Avoid smoking or vaping (indoors or out).

• Don’t burn wood or trash.

• Stop using aerosol sprays.

• Zero indoor smoking.

6. Monitor the Threat

Keep a constant eye on the AQI updates. This is a tactical plan. You must know the threat level to plan your schedule and protect the most vulnerable. Seek medical help if symptoms appear.

Also read |Expert 5 Tips to Manage Senior Blood Sugar: Fibre, Water, Sleep.

Disclaimer: This is generic information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified doctor or specialist

The post Top Heart Doctor’s Blunt Warning: Delhi’s Toxic Air Is NOT Normal—Survival Guide Inside first appeared on Rightsofemployees.com.

Also read:Lost Your DL? How to Get a Duplicate Online via Parivahan

1. Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Let’s start there. This isn’t just a lifestyle or age thing.

• The Problem: The smaller blood vessels in the penis often reflect what’s happening in the crucial coronary arteries. Blood-flow issues show up here first.

• The Kicker: Dr. DiNicolantonio points out that about half of people with heart disease experience ED. And then the truly shocking part followed: It can precede heart disease by up to five years. ED is a warning light for cardiovascular trouble. If you have it, and there’s no obvious cause? Talk to a doctor. Now.

Also read:Lost Your DL? How to Get a Duplicate Online via Parivahan

2. Shortness of Breath During Mild Activity

We all dismiss this. “I’m just out of shape,” “Getting old,” “I’m tired.” No, sometimes that’s the heart screaming.

• The Signal: If climbing a few stairs or doing light exercise leaves you unusually winded—that’s called dyspnoea—your heart may be struggling. It means the heart is less efficient at pumping blood, or the lungs are getting overburdened because fluid is pooling.

• The Takeaway: If you find yourself consistently getting winded during simple, light exertion, it’s a symptom that needs investigation.

3. Swelling in the Lower Legs, Ankles, or Feet

We blame tight shoes or a long flight. But that persistent fluid retention (edema) is a common, often overlooked symptom of cardiovascular issues, particularly heart failure.

• The Cause: Your heart isn’t pumping blood effectively. And then the fluid backs up, pooling in the lowest points of your body.

• The Action: If you notice persistent swelling, especially if it comes with breathlessness or fatigue, you need to see a clinician to rule out heart failure or kidney dysfunction.

Heart disease starts quietly. Don’t wait for the dramatic crash. Catch the whisper first. That early action—lifestyle changes or medical intervention—can genuinely delay or prevent serious disease.

Also read:Lost Your DL? How to Get a Duplicate Online via Parivahan

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Blood Sugar Field Notes: 5 Tips for Seniors to Avoid Spikes

The thing is, seniors face higher complication risks. That makes everyday habits absolutely crucial. The doctor says simple, consistent daily practices can genuinely improve stability.

1. The Diet Shift (Fibre is the King)

Your food choices are the foundation. You cannot rely on white carbs.

• Eat This: Lean proteins (fish, lentils), complex carbs (millets, brown rice), and fibre-rich foods. Fibre is the kicker here—think oats, leafy greens, and whole grains. Fibre controls glucose absorption, or nothing.

• Avoid This: Sugary drinks, refined carbs (white bread/rice), fried snacks.

• Portion Control: Skip the heavy portions. Stick to smaller, frequent meals to keep sugar levels from spiking and crashing.

Also read:800% Hike? Unions Push Govt. for ₹9,000 Minimum EPS Pension

2. Gentle Movement (Insulin Sensitivity)

Physical activity is vital for insulin sensitivity. It happened. And then the glucose control followed.

• Mandatory Habit: Just 10 minutes of light walking or stretching before and after a meal. This makes a significant difference in controlling post-meal sugar spikes.

• Low-Impact Options: Focus on things like yoga, tai chi, or simple strength training. Avoid long periods of sitting still.

3. Consistent Monitoring

This is a non-negotiable step. The doctor highly recommends regular monitoring. Why? Because it helps with the early detection needed to head off complications.

4. Stay Hydrated

It sounds simple, but water supports metabolism and lowers the risk of unpredictable spikes. Seniors should aim to drink enough water all day long. Limit beverages high in sugar or caffeine.

5. Manage Sleep and Stress

These are the silent pillars of stability. Stress causes sugar fluctuations. And poor sleep? Same result.

• Sleep Goal: Aim for 7–8 hours of consistent sleep.

• Stress Tools: Practice meditation, deep breathing, or mindfulness techniques to actively reduce stress levels.

The bottom line: Combine these habits with your medication. That is how you regulate diabetes in seniors.

Also read:800% Hike? Unions Push Govt. for ₹9,000 Minimum EPS Pension

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Here are the three heavy hitters, backed by clinical studies:

Also read:Lost Your DL? How to Get a Duplicate Online via Parivahan

1. Black Coffee: The Fat Dissolver

• The Claim: Regular black coffee drinkers have less risk of liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer. It’s the antioxidants protecting liver enzymes and cutting inflammation. One expert called it “medicine for your liver.”

• The Crucial Rule: It must be sugar-free, cream-free, and milk-free. Don’t sabotage the benefits.

• The Quantity: The consensus says 3 to 4 cups per day is optimal for dissolving fat and keeping accumulation under control. Studies show more than 2 cups per day is associated with a lower incidence of fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Also read:Lost Your DL? How to Get a Duplicate Online via Parivahan

2. Green Tea: The Anti-Inflammatory Shot

• The Claim: Green tea has the catechins and EGCG compounds that actively reduce liver fat and inflammation.

• The Warning: This is important. Do not go for high-dose green tea extract pills. They can actually stress the liver.

• The Quantity: Stick to the brewed version: 3–4 cups of brewed green tea is safe and highly beneficial. Studies confirm it significantly improves metabolic and inflammatory markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.

3. Beetroot Juice: The Detox Activator

• The Claim: Beetroot’s natural compounds (betalains and nitrates) activate the liver’s detox enzymes. This helps break down liver fat and supports the whole healing process.

• The Caution: Kidney stone patients and people with low blood pressure need to be careful with this one due to the compounds.

• The Quantity: Keep it simple: Half a glass of fresh beetroot juice is enough to get the effect. Research shows it has the potential to be an effective treatment for NAFLD.

It all comes down to consistency. This isn’t a miracle cure, but daily, mindful consumption of these three drinks, paired with a better lifestyle, is proven to protect your liver health. Leave the tidy wrap-ups; the work is ongoing.

Also read:Lost Your DL? How to Get a Duplicate Online via Parivahan

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A male Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children, may be granted Paternity Leave by an authority competent to grant leave for a period of 15 days, during the up to 15 days before, or up to six months from the date of delivery of the child.

During such period of 15 days, he shall be paid leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave. The paternity Leave may be combined with leave of any other kind.

The paternity leave shall not be debited against the leave account. If Paternity Leave is not availed of within the period such leave shall be treated as lapsed.

NOTE:- The Paternity Leave shall not normally be refused under any circumstances.

Paternity Leave for Child Adoption:-

A male Government servant (including an apprentice) with less than two surviving children, on valid adoption of a child below the age of one year may be granted Paternity Leave for a period of 15 days within a period of six months from the date of valid adoption.

During such period of 15 days, he shall be paid leave salary equal to the pay drawn immediately before proceeding on leave. The paternity leave may be combined with leave of any other kind.

The Paternity Leave shall not be debited against the leave account. If Paternity leave is not availed of within the period specified in sub-rule (1) such leave shall be treated as lapsed.

Note:- “Child” for the purpose of this rule will include a child taken as ward by the Government servant, under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 or the personal law applicable to that Government servant, provided such a ward lives with the Government servant and is treated as a member of the family and provided such Government servant has, through a special will, conferred upon that ward the same status as that of a natural born child.

Source:- CENTRAL CIVIL SERVICES (LEAVE) RULES, 1972 4[43-A,5[43-AA.

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The proposed rule contains multiple provisions that would apply to all workplaces, with specific requirements for those that have “close-in” work activities (e.g., tattooing, massage and hair dressing) and health care activities that involve direct patient care. Among the provisions are physical distancing processes, the use of physical barriers and face coverings, and sanitation policies and procedures. Employers must design workplaces and job tasks so employees can maintain 6 feet of distance from others.

For example, in office settings, face coverings would be required when workers aren’t at a desk or are seated in a conference room and when 6 feet of distance can’t be reliably maintained. For shared equipment and high-contact surfaces, employers would have to ensure necessary cleaning and disinfecting supplies are available and the items are sanitized before use by another worker and before each shift.

Also Read: Researchers say nurses face new type of trauma: insufficient resources

Employers would be required to post Oregon OSHA’s “COVID-19 Hazards Poster” in the workplace, notify employees of physical distancing requirements and how they’ll be implemented, and provide opportunities for workers to offer feedback.

For workplaces with 25 or more employees, at least one worker would have to be designated to assist the employer with identifying appropriate physical distancing, proper face covering use and sanitation measures, and then ensuring implementation of the procedures.

“We look forward to more review and feedback as we seek to further bolster on-the-job protections for workers against this disease,” Oregon OSHA Administrator Michael Wood said in an Aug. 17 press release announcing the publication of the draft document. “This rule proposal reflects the need to provide both clearer and more stable guidance in the workplace than has been possible during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.”

The rule could take effect Sept. 14 at the latest and would remain in effect for 180 days.

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Baker comes to NSC from hotel chain Hyatt, where he served as global director of workplace safety and vice president of global risk. In his new role, Baker will be responsible for leading membership, thought leadership and workplace product offerings. He will focus on increasing value and engagement for the council’s more than 15,000 member organizations.

Also Read: Can’t get information about the contribution happening every month in EPFO? Learn how to activate SMS alert service

“Mark has more than 30 years’ experience leading and developing successful global, safety-related business organizations,” NSC President and CEO Lorraine M. Martin said in an Aug. 19 press release. “He has a rich depth of experience with a successful track record in workplace safety and risk management, as well as captive insurance business leadership.

He is a significant addition to our team to help extend our workplace safety offerings – including enhancements to products, training services and thought leadership – to drive more opportunities to fulfill our mission of eliminating preventable deaths and injuries.”

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Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses and other health care professionals across the country have reported a lack of masks, gloves, gowns and other protective gear to keep them safe while caring for patients with the coronavirus.

The study, led by Karen J. Foli, an associate professor in the Purdue School of Nursing, used an online questionnaire to gather responses. Of the 1,478 completed surveys, 372 registered nurses licensed in the state of Indiana provided written responses to a request for additional comments about on-the-job trauma they experienced.

Also Read: Indian Labour Law Reforms Aligned for 2018

Staffing issues were reported by nurses who had to work shifts longer than 12 hours and who were exposed to unsafe situations that jeopardized patient safety. These were described as hurrying through tasks to complete them, falsifying patient care documents, and going without food and hydration during their shifts.

The nurses said they experience a range of negative emotions, such as stress, anxiety, grief, guilt, anger, burnout and flashbacks. Physically, nurses reported nightmares, unhealthy diets and substance use.

“The pandemic has been a dark catalyst to seeing this urgent concern,” Foli wrote for an article published by TheConversation.com. “I know nurses who were told by employers to take care of COVID-19 patients regardless of whether or not adequate PPE was available. Clearly this was a danger to both nurses and patients; surely this qualifies as a traumatizing experience.”

Researchers said the nurses’ comments were “vivid and descriptive, (and) frequently indicated they are still recovering from the traumatic experiences and making sense of what happened to them.”

To mitigate professional sources of trauma, researchers say organizational policy, adequate resources and oversight are needed.

“The pandemic has focused our attention on the mental health needs of health care providers,” Foli wrote. “Nursing organizations have responded, and these efforts are to be applauded. But until we appreciate the sovereignty of nurses, who practice in a way no other health provider does, solutions to avoid trauma will be stalled. And nurses will continue to struggle.”

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It is not the constitution of the establishment as to whether it is a public limited company, private limited company, cooperative society, partnership or proprietory form that decides the working hours, leaves and other service conditions of the employees but it is the labour laws applicable to the kind of business being transacted that decides these matters.

Different Acts have set out different rules pertaining to hours of work and the spread over of work with slight changes as applicable to the respective state. Shops and Establishments Act being a state Act is confined only to that state whereas the other Acts are central Acts and will be similar in many respect subject to state rules attached thereto.

Laws Lined Up for 2018                   

Enhancement of the gratuity ceiling: The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (“Gratuity Act”) entitles employees who have been in continuous employment for a period of 5 years to gratuity at the rate of 15 days wages for every year of continuous service, capped at INR 10,00,000. The Payment of Gratuity (Amendment) Bill, 2017 (“Gratuity Bill”) was introduced in the Lower house of Parliament (Lok Sabha) on December 18, 2017 with a view to allow the Government the discretion to (i) prescribe the gratuity ceiling, and (ii) the period of maternity leave that would deemed to constitute continuous service.  It is anticipated that the Gratuity Bill will be passed by the Lower house in the next session of Parliament and that the ceiling is likely to be enhanced from INR 10,00,000 to INR 20,00,000.

Consolidation of Labour Laws: As part of its election manifesto, the current Government had promised to review the Indian employment laws to reduce the multiplicity of employment legislations and keep the legislations in sync with the requirements of the evolving labour market. In furtherance of the same, the Government has sought to consolidate 44 central employment laws into 4 labour codes:

1. Labour Code on Industrial Relations — Consolidating the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 and the Trade Unions Act, 1926;
2. Labour Code on Social Security and Welfare — Consolidating social security laws such as the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948, Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, the Employees Compensation Act, 1923, etc.;
3. Code on Wages — Consolidating the Minimum Wages Act, 1949, the Payment of Wages Act, 1936, Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 and Equal Remuneration Act, 1976; and
4. Labour Code on Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions.

The code that is likely to come into effect soon is the Code of Wages, 2017 (“Wage Code”). It is anticipated that the Government was working towards having the Wage Code passed in the lower house (Lok Sabha) of Parliament in the budget session and this might be taken up in the next session of Parliament.

National Employment Policy: The Government of India has proposed the introduction of a National Employment Policy to address the growing rate of unemployment in India. The proposed aim of the National Employment Policy is to create a comprehensive action plan to ensure that quality jobs are created across various sectors. It appears that this would be done by incentivizing employers to hire, by allowing relaxations in employment law compliances or bearing a part of the cost for social security payments.

LGBTIQ Rights: The Supreme Court of India, in its landmark judgment in August 2017, observed that the right to privacy and the protection of sexual orientation lie at the core of the fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 14, 15 and 21 of the Indian Constitution. Further, the Supreme Court on January 8, 2018, stated that it would review its position on Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, i.e., the criminalization of sexual intercourse between consenting adults of the same sex. With respect to transgender persons, the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2016, inter alia, seeks to prohibit the discrimination of transgender persons in terms of employment, healthcare services and access to facilities.

Law Governing Factories: Amendments to the Factories Act, 1948, has been in the pipeline for the past two years. The amendments are primarily aimed at allowing the state government to increase the number of overtime hours that employees can work and prescribe rules in relation to exemptions that could be given to various categories of employees. These measures would allow flexibility to State Governments to undertake initiatives to encourage the development of industries.

Changes to the Law on Contract Labour: The Government has released a draft bill for the amendment of the law governing the engagement of contract labour in India – the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (“CLRA”). The bill primarily intends to exclude workers who are regularly employed in the establishment of the contractor from the definition of the term ‘contract labour’ for the purposes of the CLRA.

2018 Budget Proposals to Provident Fund Contributions: The Finance Minister in his 2018 Budget speech has proposed that the Government will make provident fund contributions of 12 percent of wages for new employees for a period of three years and reduce the mandatory contribution limit from 12 percent to 8 percent for women employees for the first three years of employment. We would, however, have to wait for amendments to be made to the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, and allied schemes, to understand the manner in which these proposals will be implemented.

Most Indian employment laws were drafted primarily for traditional models of workforce engagement in sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure. These laws are failing to keep pace with the needs of new and emerging sectors that are driven by cutting edge technology, increased automation and creative forms of workforce engagement, including gig/on-call working. While the above reforms are much needed, standing at the threshold of the artificial intelligence revolution, India needs to relook at its employment laws to ensure that businesses are not constrained, innovation and entrepreneurship are encouraged and employee rights are not compromised.

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EPF, VPF and PPF: The Basics

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To provide social security to more citizens the Government of India has started the National Pension System.

Government of India established Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)– External website that opens in a new window on 10^th October, 2003 to develop and regulate pension sector in the country. The National Pension System (NPS) was launched on 1st January, 2004 with the objective of providing retirement income to all the citizens. NPS aims to institute pension reforms and to inculcate the habit of saving for retirement amongst the citizens.

Initially, NPS was introduced for the new government recruits (except armed forces). With effect from 1^st May, 2009, NPS has been provided for all citizens of the country including the unorganised sector workers on voluntary basis.

Additionally, to encourage people from the unorganised sector to voluntarily save for their retirement the Central Government launched a co-contributory pension scheme, ‘Swavalamban Scheme– External website that opens in a new window‘ in the Union Budget of 2010-11. Under Swavalamban Scheme– External website that opens in a new window, the government will contribute a sum of Rs.1,000 to each eligible NPS subscriber who contributes a minimum of Rs.1,000 and maximum Rs.12,000 per annum. This scheme is presently applicable upto F.Y.2016-17.

NPS offers following important features to help subscriber save for retirement:

• The subscriber will be allotted a unique Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN). This unique account number will remain the same for the rest of subscriber’s life. This unique PRAN can be used from any location in India.

PRAN will provide access to two personal accounts:

• • Tier I Account: This is a non-withdrawable account meant for savings for retirement.
  • Tier II Account: This is simply a voluntary savings facility. The subscriber is free to withdraw savings from this account whenever subscriber wishes. No tax benefit is available on this account.

Who can join NPS?

Any individual between the age of 18 and 60 years can open a pension account under NPS through eNPS using one of the following options.

Option 1 – Registration using Aadhaar

✔  You must have an ‘Aadhaar number’ (with a mobile number registered with Aadhaar)

✔  Your KYC in NPS will be done using Aadhaar through One Time Password (OTP) authentication

✔  OTP for the purpose of authentication will be sent to the mobile number registered with the Aadhaar

✔  Your demographic details and photo will be fetched from Aadhaar database and populated in online form

✔  You need to fill up all the mandatory details online

✔  You would be required to upload your scanned signature (in *.jpeg/*.jpg format having file size between 4kb – 12kb) as part of the registration process

✔  In case, you wish to replace the photo obtained from Aadhaar, you may upload a scanned photograph

✔  You will be routed to a payment gateway for making the payment towards your NPS account from Debit/ Credit card or Internet Banking

Option 2 – Registration using PAN (KYC verification by Bank)

✔  You must have a ‘Permanent Account Number’ (PAN)

✔  Bank account with the empanelled Bank for KYC verification for subscriber registration through eNPS

✔  Your KYC verification will be done by the Bank selected by you during the registration process.Name and address provided during registration should match with bank records for KYC verification. If the detail don’t match , the request is liable for rejection.In case of rejection of KYC by the selected Bank, applicant is requested to contact the Bank

✔  You need to fill up all the mandatory details online

✔  You need to upload your scanned photograph and signature in *.jpeg/*.jpg format having file size between 4kb – 12kb

✔  You will be routed to a payment gateway for making the payment towards your NPS account from Internet Banking

  In addition, NRI subscribers should,

✔  Select the Bank Account Status i.e., Non-Repatriable account or Repatriable account

✔  Provide the NRE/NRO bank account details and upload scanned copy of passport

✔  Select the preferred address for communication i.e., Overseas Address or Permanent Address (communication at overseas address would entail extra charges)

After Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN) is allotted, subscriber can use one of the following options:

Option 1 – eSign

For Tier I PRANs generated through Aadhaar, you have option to eSign the document by following the below mentioned steps:

✔  Select ‘eSign’ option in the eSign / Print & Courier page

✔  OTP for the purpose of authentication will be sent to your mobile number registered with the Aadhaar

✔  After Authentication of Aadhaar, Registration form will be successfully eSigned

✔  Once a document is eSigned, you need not send the physical copy of form to CRA

✔  eSign charge ₹ 5 plus GST

Option 2 – Print and Courier

✔  Select ‘Print & Courier’ option in the eSign / Print & Courier page

✔  You need to take a printout of the form, paste your photograph (please do not sign across the photograph) & affix signature

✔  You should sign on the block provided for signature

✔  The photograph should not be stapled or clipped to the form

✔  The form should be sent within 90 days from the date of allotment of PRAN to CRA at the following address or else the PRAN will be ‘frozen’ temporarily

• Central Recordkeeping Agency (eNPS)
• NSDL e-Governance Infrastructure Limited,
• 1st Floor, Times Tower,
• Kamala Mills Compound, Senapati Bapat Marg,
• Lower Parel, Mumbai – 400 013

Processing of subsequent contribution:

All existing subscribers (registered through both online and offline mode) can contribute in Tier I & Tier II account using ‘eNPS’. To contribute online, you need to

✔  Have an active Tier I / Tier II account

✔  Authenticate your PRAN using the OTP sent to your registered mobile number

✔  Pay through your Debit / Credit card or use Internet Banking option.

✔  POP Service Charges will be applicable on the contribution amount @ 0.10% (subject to minimum of ₹ 10 and maximum of ₹ 10,000 per transaction). This service charges will not be applicable for subscribers registered in eNPS through Aadhaar

Processing of APY Application:

Any individual between 18 -40 years (39 years 364 days) can initiate opening an Atal Pension Yojana account through eNPS platform using following process:

Registration using Aadhaar

✔  You must have an ‘Aadhaar number’ (with a mobile number registered with Aadhaar)

✔  Select the bank where you have an existing saving bank account

✔  Enter savings bank account number for selected bank

✔  OTP for the purpose of authentication will be sent to the mobile number registered with the Aadhaar

✔  You need to fill up all the mandatory details online

✔  APY PRAN allotment will be subject to verification of details and upload of subscriber registration file by bank.

✔  APY registration through eNPS, first contribution is mandatory. Kindly keep a sufficient balance in your savings bank account to avoid rejection.

eSign the document

Request for APY through Aadhaar, you have to eSign the document by following the below mentioned steps:

✔  Select ‘eSign’ option in the eSign.

✔  OTP for the purpose of authentication will be sent to your mobile number registered with the Aadhaar

✔  After Authentication of Aadhaar, Registration form will be successfully eSigned.

✔  Once a document is eSigned, you need not send the physical copy of form to CRA

✔  eSign charge ₹ 5 plus GST

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1. Leave is the right of all employees 

Generally, an employee is given the following leaves during the course of his or her employment:

1. 1. Casual Leave: This is provided to an employee to take care of urgent or unseen matters like a family emergency; for example, employees can apply for casual leave to attend a parent-teacher meeting called for by their child’s school.
2. Sick Leave: Sick leave is provided when an employee gets sick.
3. Privilege or Earned Leave: Privilege or earned leaves are long leaves that are planned for in advance.
4. Other Leaves – Apart from the above mentioned leaves, there are some other paid, unpaid or half-paid leaves which are provided at the discretion of the company. Study leave and bereavement leave are two such examples.

Medical Certificate for one-day sick leave

Usually, when a sick leave exceeds beyond two or three days, depending upon the company policy, employees are requested to submit a medical certificate to sanction the leave. However, in the case of one-day sick leave, an employer should not ask for a medical certificate.

In one of its judgements, the Supreme Court mentioned that an employee will not necessarily seek medical attention if he or she is ill for just a day.

Encashment Leave

An employee can take encashment leave while quitting service, superannuation, discharge, dismissal or death. Leave encashment should be as per average daily wages of an employee.

Leave during notice period

An employee can take leave during notice period, provided it is for a genuine reason like maternity, health issues, etc.

The Delhi High Court, in one of its judgement, said that an employee can take leave during the notice period if nothing is mentioned in the appointment letter which bars the employee from taking leave during the notice period, if he has leave to his credit and is entitled to the same.

2. Protection from sexual harassment at the work place

It is the responsibility of the employer to ensure that his/her employees, especially female employees, are protected while at work. All incidents of sexual harassment – regardless of how big or small they are or who is involved – require employers or managers to respond quickly and appropriately. Just because someone does not object to inappropriate behaviour in the workplace, it does not mean that they are consenting to the behaviour.

The employees are provided with the right to go on a strike without giving a notice, however if the said employee is a public utility employee, then he would be bound by the prohibitions laid down in the Industrial Disputes Act 1947, Section 22(1) lays down certain conditions on Strikes by public utility employees, the conditions includes giving out prior notice to the employer six weeks before going on such strike.

9. Right to Equal Pay for Equal Work

Understanding your rights as an employee is the first step.

The post Rights of Employees first appeared on Rightsofemployees.com.

 
 
 
1. Tampering with computer source Documents Sec.65
2. Hacking with computer systems , Data Alteration Sec.66
3. Sending offensive messages through communication service, etc Sec.66A
4. Dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device Sec.66B
5. Identity theft Sec.66C
6. Cheating by personation by using computer resource Sec.66D
7. Violation of privacy Sec.66E
8. Cyber terrorism Sec.66F
9. Publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form Sec .67
10. Publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc. in electronic form Sec.67A
11. Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc.
in electronic form Sec.67B
11. Preservation and Retention of information by intermediaries Sec.67C
12. Powers to issue directions for interception or monitoring or decryption of any information through
any computer resource Sec.69
13. Power to issue directions for blocking for public access of any information through any computer
resource Sec.69A
14. Power to authorize to monitor and collect traffic data or information through any computer resource
for Cyber Security Sec.69B
15. Un-authorized access to protected system Sec.70
16. Penalty for misrepresentation Sec.71
17. Breach of confidentiality and privacy Sec.72
18. Publishing False digital signature certificates Sec.73
19. Publication for fraudulent purpose Sec.74
29. Act to apply for offence or contraventions committed outside India Sec.75
21. Compensation, penalties or confiscation not to interfere with other punishment Sec.77
22. Compounding of Offences Sec.77A
23. Offences with three years imprisonment to be cognizable Sec.77B
24. Exemption from liability of intermediary in certain cases Sec.79
25. Punishment for abetment of offences Sec.84B
26. Punishment for attempt to commit offences Sec.84C

Note : Sec.78 of I.T. Act empowers Police Inspector to investigate cases falling under this Act

27. Offences by Companies Sec.85
28. Sending threatening messages by e-mail Sec .503 IPC
29. Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman Sec.509 IPC
30. Sending defamatory messages by e-mail Sec .499 IPC
31. Bogus websites , Cyber Frauds Sec .420 IPC
32. E-mail Spoofing Sec .463 IPC
33. Making a false document Sec.464 IPC
34. Forgery for purpose of cheating Sec.468 IPC
35. Forgery for purpose of harming reputation Sec.469 IPC
36. Web-Jacking Sec .383 IPC
37. E-mail Abuse Sec .500 IPC
38. Punishment for criminal intimidation Sec.506 IPC
39. Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication Sec.507 IPC
40. When copyright infringed:- Copyright in a work shall be deemed to be infringed Sec.51
41. Offence of infringement of copyright or other rights conferred by this Act. Any person who knowingly
infringes or abets the infringement of Sec.63
42. Enhanced penalty on second and subsequent covictions Sec.63A
43. Knowing use of infringing copy of computer programme to be an offence Sec.63B
44. Obscenity Sec. 292 IPC
45. Printing etc. of grossly indecent or scurrilous matter or matter intended for blackmail Sec.292A IPC
46. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person Sec .293 IPC
47. Obscene acts and songs Sec.294 IPC
48. Theft of Computer Hardware Sec. 378
49. Punishment for theft Sec.379
50. Online Sale of Drugs NDPS Act
51. Online Sale of Arms Arms Act.

Source:ncib.in

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Knowing the times that we are in, we give you, yet again, an overview of some important legal rights for women that every one must be aware of.

Free legal aid

Exercise your right to free legal aid. Often, women go to the police station unaccompanied by a lawyer to get their statement recorded, and they stand the risk of being misquoted or their statement being tampered with. The police may also treat the entire episode lightly and not lodge an FIR. So, it is necessary to have a lawyer with you while you lodge the FIR. “According to a Delhi High Court ruling, whenever a rape is reported, the SHO has to bring this to the notice of the Delhi Legal Services Authority. The legal body then arranges for a lawyer for the victim,” says Saumya Bhaumik, women rights lawyer.

Right to privacy while recording statement

Under section 164 of the Criminal Procedure Code, a woman who has been raped can record her statement before the district magistrate when the case is under trial, and no one else needs to be present. Alternatively, she can record the statement with only one police officer and woman constable in a convenient place that is not crowded and does not provide any possibility of the statement being overheard by a fourth person. The cops have to, by law, upkeep the woman’s right to privacy. It’s important for the person to feel comfortable and not be under any kind of stress while narrating the incident.

Time doesn’t matter

The police cannot refuse to register an FIR even if a considerable period of time has elapsed since the incident of rape or molestation took place. If the police tells you that they can’t lodge your FIR since you didn’t report it earlier, do not concede. “Rape is a horrifying incident for any woman, so it’s natural for her to go into shock and not want to report it immediately. She may also fear for her safety and the reputation and dignity of her family. For this reason, the Supreme Court has ruled that the police must register an FIR even if there has been a gap between the report and the occurrence of the incident,” says Tariq Abeed, advocate, Supreme Court.

Email to the rescue

According to the guidelines issued by the Delhi Police, a woman has the privilege of lodging a complaint via email or registered post. If, for some reason, a woman can’t go to the police station, she can send a written complaint through an email or registered post addressed to a senior police officer of the level of Deputy Commissioner or Commissioner of Police. The officer then directs the SHO of the police station, of the area where the incident occurred, to conduct proper verification of the complainant and lodge an FIR. The police can then come over to the residence of the victim to take her statement.

Cops can’t say no

Arape victim can register her police complaint from any police station under the Zero FIR ruling by Supreme Court. “Sometimes, the police station under which the incident occurs refuses to register the victim’s complaint in order to keep clear of responsibility, and tries sending the victim to another police station. In such cases, she has the right to lodge an FIR at any police station in the city under the Zero FIR ruling. The senior officer will then direct the SHO of the concerned police station to lodge the FIR,” says Abeed. This is a Supreme Court ruling that not many women are aware of, so don’t let the SHO of a police station send you away saying it “doesn’t come under his area”.

No arrests after sunset

According to a Supreme Court ruling, a woman cannot be arrested after sunset and before sunrise. There are many cases of women being harassed by the police at wee hours, but all this can be avoided if you exercise the right of being present in the police station only during daytime. “Even if there is a woman constable accompanying the officers, the police can’t arrest a woman at night. In case the woman has committed a serious crime, the police has to get it in writing from the magistrate explaining why the arrest is necessary during the night,” says Bhaumik.

You can’t be called to the police station

Women cannot be called to the police station for interrogation under Section 160 of the Criminal Procedure Code. This law provides Indian women the right of not being physically present at the police station for interrogation. “The police can interrogate a woman at her residence in the presence of a woman constable and family members or friends,” says Abeed. So, the next time you’re called to the police station for queries or interrogation when you have faced any kind of harassment, quote this guideline of the Supreme Court to exercise your right and remind the cops about it.

Protect your identity

Under no circumstances can the identity of a rape victim be revealed. Neither the police nor media can make known the name of the victim in public. Section 228-A of the Indian Penal Code makes the disclosure of a victim’s identity a punishable offense. Printing or publishing the name or any matter which may make known the identity of a woman against whom an offense has been committed is punishable. This is done to prevent social victimisation or ostracism of the victim of a sexual offense. Even while a judgment is in progress at the high court or a lower court, the name of the victim is not indicated, she is only described as ‘victim’ in the judgment.

The doctor can’t decide

Acase of rape can’t be dismissed even if the doctor says rape had not taken place. A victim of rape needs to be medically examined as per Section 164 A of the Criminal Procedure Code, and only the report can act as proof. “A woman has the right to have a copy of the medical report from the doctor. Rape is crime and not a medical condition. It is a legal term and not a diagnosis to be made by the medical officer treating the victim. The only statement that can be made by the medical officer is that there is evidence of recent sexual activity. Whether the rape has occurred or not is a legal conclusion and the doctor can’t decide on this,” explains Bhaumik.

Employers must protect

It is the duty of every employer to create a Sexual Harassment Complaints Committee within the organisation for redressal of such complaints. According to a guideline issued by the Supreme Court, it is mandatory for all firms, public and private, to set up these committees to resolve matters of sexual harassment. It is also necessary that the committee be headed by a woman and comprise 50% women as members. Also, one of the members should be from a women’s welfare group.

first woman lawyer in supreme court

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Regular working time may not exceed 40 hours per week.

Where necessary with regard to the nature of the work or the working conditions in general
working time may amount to an average of 40 hours per week for a period of at most four
weeks.
Monday is considered the first day of the week, unless another arrangement is in place at the workplace. on-call time may be claimed up to a maximum of 48 hours per employee over a period of 4 weeks or 50 hours per calendar month. The time during which an employee performs work on behalf of the employer is not considered on-call time.

Overtime

‘Overtime’ means working time in excess of regular working time.

When calculating overtime, compensatory rest periods or other rest periods that are scheduled
during the employee’s regular working time or on-call time shall be treated as regular hours
worked or time spent on call. Act (2000:766).

When there is a special need to increase the number of hours worked, overtime may
be worked up to a maximum of 48 hours per employee over a period of four weeks, or 50
hours over a calendar month, with a maximum of 200 hours over a calendar year(general
overtime)

Overtime in excess of general overtime may be worked up to a maximum of 150
hours per employee over a calendar year if there are special grounds for doing so and no other
reasonable solution has been possible (extra overtime).
Together, extra overtime and general overtime may not exceed 48 hours per employee over aperiod of four weeks, or 50 hours over a calendar month.

Total working time

Section 10b The total working time per every seven day period may amount to an average of
at most 48 hours during a reference period of at most four months. When calculating the total
working time, annual leave and sickness absence during times when the employee would
otherwise have worked shall be treated as hours worked. Act (2011:740)

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ESIC scheme was inaugurated in Kanpur on 24^th February 1952 (ESIC Day) by then Prime Minister Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. The venue was the Brijender Swarup Park, Kanpur and Panditji addressed a 70,000 strong gathering in Hindi in the presence of Pt. Gobind Ballabh Pant, Chief Minister Uttar Pradesh, Babu Jagjivan Ram, Union Labour Minister, Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, Union Health Minister, Sh.Chandrabhan Gupt, Union Food Minister and Dr.C.L.Katial, the first Director General of ESIC.

ESIC scheme was simultaneously launched at Delhi as well and the initial coverage for both the centers was 1,20,000 employees. Our first Prime Minister was the first honorary insured person of the Scheme.

The Employees’ State Insurance Scheme is an integrated measure of Social Insurance embodied in the Employees’ State Insurance Act and it is designed to accomplish the task of protecting ‘employees‘ as defined in the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 against the impact of incidences of sickness, maternity, disablement and death due to employment injury and to provide medical care to insured persons and their families. The ESI Scheme applies to factories and other establishment’s viz. Road Transport, Hotels, Restaurants, Cinemas, Newspaper, Shops, and Educational/Medical Institutions wherein 10 or more persons are employed. However, in some States threshold limit for coverage of establishments is still 20. Employees of the aforesaid categories of factories and establishments, drawing wages upto Rs.15,000/- a month, are entitled to social security cover under the ESI Act. ESI Corporation has also decided to enhance wage ceiling for coverage of employees under the ESI Act from Rs.15,000/- to Rs.21,000/-.

The ESI Scheme is financed by contributions from employers and employees. The rate of contribution by employer is 4.75% of the wages payable to employees. The employees’ contribution is at the rate of 1.75% of the wages payable to an employee. Employees, earning less than Rs. 137/- a day as daily wages, are exempted from payment of their share of contribution.

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The benefits under the Maternity Benefit Act are available to all female employees, who are not covered under the Employees’ State Insurance Act and have worked for a continuous period of 80 days in twelve months immediately preceding the date of her expected delivery.

Maternity benefits act 2017 – This amendment has increased the duration of maternity leave available for women employees from the existing 12 weeks to 26 weeks.

Rs. 3,500 per maternity Current provision of maternity bonus.

A woman shall, on production of such proof as be entitled to leave with wages at the rate of maternity benefit, for a period of six weeks immediately following the day of her miscarriage.

Women employee should be permitted to visit the crèche 4 times during the day, which includes the regular rest interval .

Penalties for contravention of the act by Employers; Imprisonment which shall not be less than three month, which may extend up to one year and with fine not less than two thousand rupees,  which may extend up to five thousand rupees.

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What is ‘sexual harassment’?

Is this Act only for women?

Yes, this Act is only for women who are sexually harassed in workplaces.

Is this Act only for working women?

No, this Act is for any woman who is harassed in any workplace. It is not necessary for the woman to be working at the workplace in which she is harassed. A workplace can be any office, whether government or private.

As an employer, what do you have to do under this law?

• You need to set up an ‘Internal Complaints Committee’ if you employ more than 10 people to handle cases of sexual harassment at your workplace.
• In case your workplace has more than one office or unit, then there should be an Internal Complaints Committee in each branch.

There is no sexual harassment at my office. Do I still have to follow the instructions regarding setting up an Internal Complaints Committee?

Yes, even if there are no cases of sexual harassment at the moment, it is still necessary for the committee to be set up (if you employ more than 10 workers) and for all rules to be followed.

Am I not allowed to approach the police and courts because of this Act?

No, the Act gives you a choice between dealing with the offender within the office or approaching a court. If you wish, you can file a criminal complaint instead of approaching your Internal/Local Complaints Committee.

What if the victim makes a wrong complaint because she does not like the offender?

If the Committee finds that the woman (or her representative) made a wrong complaint because she does not like or hates the offender or that she gave them fake documents, it can ask the employer or District Officer to take action against the woman or person according to the service rules of the workplace. If there are no service rules, action can be taken in any manner recommended by the Committee (Rule 10 of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Rules, 2013). This can be by way of:

How will the Committee decide whether the complaint is false?

• If the victim is unable to provide enough proof to the Committee, it does not automatically make her complaint false.
• The Committee will have to conduct an inquiry to find out if she made a wrong complaint on purpose.
• Example: If there is a complaint initiated by Isha against Rohit but there are no witnesses or documents or any indication whatsoever that there was sexual harassment, then this will not be regarded as a false complaint. However, if Isha wrote an email where she told a friend she was lying, this may be a malicious or false complaint.

What happens if witnesses give false accounts?

If the Committee finds that a witness has told them things that did not happen or given fake documents, it can recommend to the employer or District Officer that action be taken according to the service rules. If there are no service rules, the government can make additional rules for this purpose.

Can any information about the complaint or the inquiry be made public?

No. It is unlawful to publish any information relating to a sexual harassment complaint under this law to the media. This information includes any details of the victim, offender and witnesses, the settlement or inquiry proceedings and the Committee recommendations.Committee recommendations and settlements can be published so long as there is no information in there which can identify the victim or witnesses.Example:If Rohit is found guilty of harassing Isha, none of the information relating to their identities and contact details can be made public. However, the recommendations of the Committee which required Rohit to formally apologise to Isha and leave the organization can be made public. This information can be made public without disclosing Rohit or Isha’s names or other details.

Can a case under this Act be taken to Court?

No, no case can be taken to Court unless the victim herself or the Committee files a case before the Court.

Which Court can hear this case?

Any court, as long as it is a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class or above.

Can someone be arrested without a warrant under this Act?

No, a warrant is required for arrest.

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